Projectile.



G. J. KOWALSKI.

PROJECTILE.

APPLICATION FILED rsa. 16. 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Patented July 30, 1918.

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G. J. KOWALSKI.

PROJECTILE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.16.191B.

1 ,274,281', Patented July 3o, 1918. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

" E' i l A TTOH/VEYS OFFICE- PROJECTIIE spememn of Lettersratent: Patented Julyr 30', 1918."

'To all lwltm t may-concern.

B it known that I, GUS J. Kowarsm, a citizen of the United States,- and a resident of Detroit, in the' county of Wayne andState of Michigan, have made-certain new and -useful Improvements in'Projectiles, yoi? which the following is aspecication.

y present invention relates generally to projectiles, and more particularly to certain improvements therein calculated to assist the aerial 'flight thereof, my object being the provision of simple, inexpensive and effective means whereby to avoidthe -usual're- 'tarding vacuum at the rear square end of a projectile, and to do this by certainfmeans permitting the ordinary -'action of the propelling charge within the gun with maxi"i munr` effect In carryingl out my invention'I providea oollapsiblecone for therear endV of the shell,

the collapsible'sections vof lwhich are normally. .hldagainst the' rear squareV end of base of the shell'in such imanner aslto per mit. ofthe usual effect l of the propelling 251 charge-'within agun upon the vshell base, tolgether with meansfwhi'ch are normally held 1n retracted position for moving the several sections of thel cone into active relation-to one-another, the said means being alitwemati 30.cally= acted upon during discharging 'mover ment 'of thle'y rojeetle from the gunf-softhat upfon its disc 'argethe-rearcone will be com-` pletely formed inorderto` obviate the formal tionof ava'cuum at the-"base off the shellduringllighii- 'With --thel above yin mind, my invention may be thoroughly understood in its severalaspects ffroxnfl the accompanying drawings formingA a partoi this specification, and

: wherein:

Figam 1- is a central. longitudinal section.

througha proiectile providedwithmy imih provements.-

Fig, 2`- 'fa side elevation'thereo.'

#` 3A is an cular 'd-rcentral: section'l through; the rear end-o theprojectilewitlr my inipnovementsi in-collpsed ori retracted f position.

Fi .A is an elevation-ofthe rear end ofthe.

: shell-.with =my-i1nprovements in 'active-posif'f Figm is a detail 'section*through a portion of the shell illustrating a slightly modifiecl1-formf shown a pmjectile generally indicated at 10 in-Fig.- 1 inparticular, which may be of any suitable construction except insofar as* thel applicationfof" my invention toA the rear square end or'base thereof, itbeiri`g2l=f5-`v 60 sentialv4 that thisl shell shall have' alr'zansiial"4 bore 11 projectinginwardly from its said rear square end` or base with a radialopening- 12 lparallel-to its re'ar square'facel, and communicating'at the' inner'endther'ef by 65 means of a reducedopeninfg'with the axial bore 'l1' adjacent the rear end' of' tle latter, radial' bore 12 having `an enlarged counter-` boreltatfits-I-outer end opening through :the surface ofthe'shll. In the axialbore 11 isi'70 a plunger 15, against;theforward inneifendz of-which a spring-16' bears, saidjspriligifbe'-l ing compressed within the" inner portion of thelbore '|11- td normally thrust=the plunger 15' rearwardly tothe'position shown in Figi.;- 75 1.4 This-plunger'15-hasf'an annular groove' 17 adjacent' its' rear" end which,`in the inner forward' and4` 'retracted position, receives the inner' end of?- a lock'fpin 18 mounted in "the radial bore 12, and'havin'gl an outer rigid 80 head 19-s`lida'ble' in thfe counter-'bore 14a This lockpin-18 'is controlled nya Spring QQ'which bears againstits' head 19` to normallyx tlf-rust the pini outwardly to'releas'ed position shown in Figa-1, and out of!elg'ageinent' with the' 35 plunger 15; permiatingfthe'spring -16 of th'e latter t0 act upon and thrust the plunger' rearwardly.

At'l its* rear' extremity the plunger- 15 has a rigid? coneal'-lhead"2l,`iwhih` intheforiv 90 ward-retracted position of the plunger abuts the base surface- 13 offthprojectile 10, as Seen-in Fig, 3, that head 21- fofmingtheape'x: of ia hollow 'rear-cone fortheprjectilf 19 consisting-fin addition' to tle thead '21, of a 95 series effi-listo cdnicail'ringsQZ'fi-eely l'niwA ablewithfrespeccfw one-another; and a forward outr'ring"23,` which lattif is either: secured to the base of the projectile or" formedfas an integral f part' thereof, ias-fse'en 100 harige 1 ann-3.-'= E The 'baserslfc "13 Af the i' proj ectl has a series of clips 24' in-fwhh the forward edgeeofufeseyemrrigs; azare'engaged in theil collapsed or retracted' position` as' seen 105 in Fig. 3 before andtffthtle the projectile is fired, so as to thus permit of the-usual maxiinin eito tleffprpelxi fcharge thef-timeaheheu sfedfg'the'pln r 15 is 11o heldlfimretractcdpositiby the ock pin 18, the latter being thrust inwardly and held in innermost position against the -tension of its spring 20 by a bell' crank-leven- 25' fulcrumed within the counter-bore 14,. one armof this leverI actingjagainst the pin head 19 and the other arm being engaged by a latch piece 26. This latch piece 2 6 is slidable Within a groove or kerf .27 of the projectile adjacent its `bas e'13,"a'ndl in '-a direction at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the projectile corresponding to the riling of a gun bore, so that when the projectile is introduced within the gun bore and fired,

the latch 4piece 26 will be moved by frictional engagement with-the base of the rifle grooves and shifted free of the lever 25 so as to permit of outward movement of the latter into the riile groove, such movement being insuiiicient, however, to permit of ull release of the lock pin 18 from the plungerl.

Thus the projectile passes from the bore of the vgun from which it is fired -with the parts stillin the retracted position, but instantly upon itsnal discharge from the mouth of the gun, lever 25 moves to the fully released position shown in Fig. 1, permittingspring'20 tov thrust lock pin 18 ont- Wardlyforfits full movement, and its release from the plunger 1 5. The latter inthe projectile is avoided,4 true line of Hight better. preserved and its rotary movements upon its longitudinal axis better preserved. n

By reference again to Fig. 1, it. :will be l noted that the inner surfaces of the cone -chgii'ges in-tliejdetails-- el'einbeforedescribedIv heing welll, Withln the inventionandipfb forming rings 22 and 23 have linner ide pieces 28 located at spaced pointst ere' around, with vvhich; the inner. or forward' edges of the rings 22 andthe head21cooperate to tion.

with therespective arniof the b lever,j 2`5 this c han e.- as4 well as other understoodas apartzthereof. 4 I clai'l rear .end or.

. plun u bleconeshaped 'extension atits-'frearend, f.-

J-'gand automatically releasable means for-non'4 1.--An-.a1f1al prolwtile harina a Squared' e' and.' mvidedrithgmeans normally .collapsedadgacent to saidbase for .-1 forminga cone-'shaped extension covering the base, and a' normally inactive member. y

for guiding said sections intoy extend opering sections `and automatically releasable YShaped rearextension consisting -o telescope-10- means for normally retaining the saidseci tions in inactive position at the adjacent end "y of the projectile.

3. An aerial projectile having an axial bore extending therein from its rear end, a plungermovable in the bore, a spring en# gagng the inner ends of the plunger to nor'- mallv force the latter rearwardl ally extending locking nin' norma ying the plungerto' hold the latter in inner a radiretracted'4 position, a shifta'ble latch menber normally holding the lock pin in engaged.position',` a conicall head carried-by the f outer rear'endof the plunger, a series of rusto conical rings' of v diameters telescopedl withii one another at the 'base' of the projectile and ineludin m: outer ring secured to the projectile, andan inner ring engageable by the said conical head of the plunger for the purpose described.

4. An laerial projectile having an axial bore extending therein, from its rea'r end, a

plunger movable in the bore, a spring engaging the. inner ends of the plunger to normally force the latter rearwardly, a radially extending lock pin normally engaging the polsitin, shiftakble latch member normally lio 'g t e loc pin in..enga

-a conical head carried by the olgietgr rearv edd o f: the pl er, a series of :frusto conical rings at the hase of the projectile of varying diameters andincluding an outer ring rigid with the base of. the` projectile, the'n ger to hold the latter in inner retracted I' ids other Arings being in telescoping relation, to

one another and the said rigid ringand in.; cludi an inner ring engageable bythe said head,V and means base of the projectile for normally sup rt- Aing movable rings .thereon in detac ble 'de these rings, and this head, into the' active posiionshown in Fig'. 1, and; obviate danger of ,cantng of the. V 22 or their improperseating in connection 1' ,dis

one. another in the active cone. ion-ning. posi- 5.' projectile -iavin'g a sectional cone shapedgextensionat the rear end thereof,

.rear -end df-\;tlie. projectile, and means '1re- Ocated upon the .parallel .toth'elongitudinal axis of tliefpro- 'jectile, means for normally' supno.` As seen in 5 I may employ-a link29,- connecting the head .19 of the-lock in 18?,

lea'sabl'ewhen thefprojectile is from a*giin -for shiftingtliessai into active relation forming the sections: cone.

V6 .A;fprojectile:providedwith a collapsi-l' l positien.. tf:

mally maintainingthe cone infthe collapsed' n 7. A Vprojectile:provid-eda .TTV .fhle -'cone fshap edfprojection its 130- normally held in collapsed position, means for extending the same to active position, and latch controlled means engaging said first named means to normally hold the same 5 inactive including a latch member automatically shiftable to released position in the bore of a gun.

8. A projectile having an extensible and collapsible cone shaped extension at its rear end normally held in collapsed position, and automatically controlled means for guiding the same to active position When the projectile is discharged from the gun, said means being normally locked Within the rear portion of the projectile.

GUS J. KOVVALSKI. 

